About Autism

Autism is the most common condition in a group of developmental disorders known as the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Autism is characterized by impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive, or severely limited activities and interests. These behaviors can range in impact from mild to disabling. Experts estimate that three to six children out of every 1,000 will have autism. Males are four times more likely to have autism than females.

Some signs of autism include:
Lack of or delay in spoken language
Repetitive use of language and/or motor mannerisms (e.g., hand-flapping, twirling objects)
Little or no eye contact
Lack of interest in peer relationships
Lack of spontaneous or make-believe play
Persistent fixation on parts of objects

Autism is treatable. Children do not "outgrow" autism, but studies show that early diagnosis and intervention lead to significantly improved outcomes. Therapies and behavioral interventions are designed to remedy specific symptoms and can bring about substantial improvement. The ideal treatment plan coordinates therapies and interventions that target the core symptoms of autism: impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and obsessive or repetitive routines and interests. Most professionals agree that the earlier the intervention, the better. 

Victor, The Savage of Aveyron, was discovered in the woods in southern France, at the end of the 18th century. He was captured by a group of hunters and subsequently handed over to a series of scientists and educators, who estimated he had lived in complete isolation for anywhere from four to eight years. He was thought to be about twelve years old. He could not speak and showed no indication of being familiar with human interaction or culture.

The Wild Boy was a thrilling discovery for the newly democratic French academia. Social heirarchies were collapsing. Scientists and educators were expanding the cultural definitions of humanity. Everyone thought Victor might hold the key to age-old questions about nature and nurture. Many people tried to work with Victor, however, he was mute and unreachable. He was eventually abandoned in the bowels of an institute for deaf-mutes.

A young doctor, Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard thought that Victor might be teachable. He was granted gaurdianship of Victor and worked with him diligently for five years. Victor's symptoms of self-stimulation, social isolation, and lack of language are very similar to those of autism. Itard developed an educational system aimed at helping Victor learn to function in human society. His work produced astounding results. The system of education he developed forms the foundation for modern treatment of autism.

Itard eventually became frustrated and disillusioned by Victor's inability to learn to speak. He stopped working with Victor after eight years. Victor lived with a housekeeper, Mme. Guerin, in Paris until the age of forty, when he died of pneumonia.